![]() Main articles: Roman Syria and Diocese of the East During this time, Khalid ibn al-Walid was the most important leader of the Rashidun army. ![]() It was led by the first two Rashidun caliphs who succeeded Muhammad: Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattab. However, the actual conquest did not begin until 634, two years after Muhammad's death. Clashes between the Arabs and Byzantines on the southern Levantine borders of the Byzantine Empire had occurred during the lifetime of Muhammad, with the Battle of Muʿtah in 629 CE. A part of the wider Arab-Byzantine Wars, the Levant was brought under Arab Muslim rule and developed into the provincial region of Bilad al-Sham. ![]() "Conquest of Syria"), or Arab conquest of Syria, was a 634–638 CE invasion of Byzantine Syria by the Rashidun Caliphate. ![]() The Muslim conquest of the Levant ( Arabic: فَتْحُ الشَّام, romanized: Fath eş-Şâm lit. Campaigns of Leo Apostyppes & Nikephoros Phokas the Elder. ![]()
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